Together with their families

Trevor&Trish

2027

Woforo dua pa a, na yɛpia wo

When you climb a good tree, you are given a push

A daughter of the Akan, a son of Ireland

Foreword

Love does not travel alone

In the tradition Trish was raised in, a man does not ask a woman to marry him.

He may love her. He may decide, completely and for ever, that she is the one. But the question is not his to ask. It belongs to his family, who must carry it across a town or across an ocean to her family, knock at the door, and wait there to be let in.

Trevor learned this from Trish. He did not hesitate.

You will want the romance first, and you shall have it. A man of New York lost his heart to a woman of Ghana. She, in her own time and after a good deal of consideration, lost hers. They resolved to spend their lives in one another's company, and there the matter might reasonably have rested.

It has not rested. What follows is the arranging, and the arranging has so far required both families, three ceremonies, an ocean, several thousand years of inherited custom and a quantity of long-distance telephone calls that would astonish you. It is not yet finished.

Trevor's came over in the hold of a ship. The night before they sailed, the whole parish crowded into the house to sing them out and stayed until morning, on the understanding that nobody was likely to lay eyes on them again. The Irish gave the evening a name of its own: an American wake. By every account it was a very good party, and everyone at it was heartbroken.

They carried ashore only what could not be taken off them. The music. The faith. The name. And a stubbornness that a hundred and fifty years has not managed to wear smooth.

Trish's never left, and were never asked to. Hers is a people who reckon a family through its mothers and have held that line unbroken for longer than anyone has been counting. Blood comes from the mother and decides which house you belong to. Character comes from the father and decides who you turn out to be. A woman does not leave her house when she marries, and her children will be counted in it after her.

And an Akan may not marry within their own clan, since everyone inside it is counted as kin. A marriage must always be made outward, into a house that was not your own. Which means every Akan marriage ever made has been a welcoming-in of people who began as strangers. Trevor's family are not an exception to that rule. They are precisely what the rule was written for.

When those houses sit down to speak, neither addresses the other directly. Each speaks through an ɔkyeame, a linguist, who carries a staff of carved wood sheathed in gold leaf, gold standing for the sun and for the living force inside all things. Every staff is topped with a figure and every figure is a proverb. The first of them, it is said, was no staff at all. It was the walking cane of an old woman, the first linguist, who leaned on it because of her years. Every gold staff cut since has been made in the shape of her stick.

None of which would have puzzled Trevor's great-grandparents in the slightest. Ireland arranged its marriages too, through a third party who carried the question between houses and settled the terms, and the payment made to the bride's people had a name in Ireland's own legal code: the coibhche, set down in the Brehon laws centuries before the English arrived to write anything else down.

When an Irish couple were joined, their hands were bound together with cord while the vows were spoken. The English phrase for getting married is not a figure of speech. Tying the knot is a description of what was done.

And the season for all of it was September, when the harvest was in and the young men were finally free to travel. The matchmaking fair at Lisdoonvarna in County Clare has been held every September since the 1850s, and is held still. We did not choose our month for that reason. Ireland would have.

We might have spared ourselves all of it. Couples do, every day of the week, and nobody thinks the worse of them. We found we could not. To marry only in the American fashion would be to ask Trish to walk into the happiest day of her life without her people behind her. To hold only the Ghanaian ceremony would be to hand Trevor's family the most beautiful afternoon they will ever attend, conducted entirely in a language nobody thought to teach them.

So we are holding the whole of it, in its proper order, with both houses standing in the room for every part of it. And we have written the whole of it down, at some length and with some care, because the parts of this that will be strangest to you are the parts we love best, and we would rather you saw them as we see them than politely pretended to.

Nothing here is a test. All of it is an invitation.

Trevor & Trish

Trevor and Trish

Contents

Come and know us

Where we come from, how this is done, and everything that brought us here.

I ForewordLove does not travel alone Opening II Where we come fromAn ocean, a famine, and eight ancient clans Heritage III Marrying an Akan brideWhat the Browne family should know Lineage IV Marriage on this sideWhat the Acheampong family should know Choice V KindredWhere Ghana and Ireland already agree Origins VI The processThe Knocking, the Engagement, the Wedding Three acts VII What we wearCloth, colour, and the five symbols What we wear VIII The symbolsFive proverbs, and the words you will hear How to read it IX When and whereDates, dress, and staying over Practical X PhotographsEverything, as it happened Afterwards

Where we come from

An ocean, a famine, and eight ancient clans

Read them beside each other. That is how they will stand on the day.

Galway to New York

The Browne side

Trevor

The name settles it first. Browne, with the final e, is the Irish spelling; the Brown without it belongs to Scotland and the north of England. The Brownes arrived in Ireland Norman, prospered as merchants in Galway, and became one of the Fourteen Tribes who governed that city for five centuries. They came as outsiders and were absorbed, taking on the manners, the customs and eventually the country itself. Cromwell's men coined the word Tribes to insult them. The families adopted it on the spot and kept it.

One footnote worth having. Richard Joyce, who made the first Claddagh ring, belonged to those same fourteen families. The ring Trevor's people wear and the name they carry came out of the same small walled town.

For most of Irish history a marriage was arranged rather than fallen into. A third party carried the question between houses and settled the terms, and the payment made to the bride's family had a name in Irish law: the coibhche, set down in the Brehon codes. The season for all of it was September, when the harvest was in. Lisdoonvarna in County Clare has held its matchmaking fair every September since the 1850s, and holds it still.

Then the potato failed, and between hunger and the century that followed, Ireland lost something close to half its people. Those who sailed were sent off with an American wake: the parents hosting, the neighbours arriving, food and drink and dancing and weeping all in the same room, because a passage to America was generally a one-way affair. Grief and gaiety together, which the Irish have always been unusually good at.

And here is where his side and hers stop resembling one another. America keeps no register of descent. There is no rule about which parent the line runs through, and no word for the group you belong to. What an American family has instead is a surname and a set of stories, and whichever of them travels best is the one that gets claimed. The Brownes carried Ireland. Other people came into the house with them, from Poland and elsewhere, and are every bit as present in Trevor as the Galway name is.

So Trevor is Irish the way Americans are Irish, which is to say: the name is Irish, the music is Irish, the family is several countries at once, and nobody has ever thought to write any of it down. Until now.

Eastern Region, Ghana

The Acheampong side

Trish

Trish is Akan of the Eastern Region: her mother of Akuapem, her father of Akyem. Which is a quieter sentence than it looks, because those places are joined at the root.

In the eighteenth century the people of the Akuapem ridge lived under the Akwamu empire, and lived badly. In 1730 they sent word down to Akyem Abuakwa asking for help. The Okyenhene agreed and despatched his own nephew, Safori, with an army. At Nsakye that year the Akwamu broke and ran, and were driven back across the Volta, where their descendants live to this day.

Then came the part that mattered. Safori did not go home. He and his men stayed on to guard the hills, and to fix the arrangement the elders buried a stone in the ground and made a spoken contract over it: the Akyem would return to Akyem Abuakwa on the day that stone had grown. At Abotakyi the people swore never to withdraw their allegiance to him or to anyone who came after him. Safori became the first king of Akuapem, and Akropong its capital.

The name is the best of it. Akwamu had called the hill people nkoa‑apem, a thousand slaves. The hill people answered to akuw‑apem, a thousand companies, and it is that version the country now goes by. An insult taken up and worn deliberately, which Trevor's Galway ancestors did with the word Tribes in exactly the same spirit and the same century.

So an Akuapem woman marrying an Akyem man is not a small domestic fact. It is the founding of a nation performed again at a much more manageable scale, and Trish is what came of it.

Every Akan belongs to one of eight abusua, matrilineal clans held to descend from a single ancestress. You take your mother's and you keep it for life. The Akan hold that a person is made of two inheritances: mogya, blood, which comes from the mother and settles which house you belong to, and ntoro, spirit, from the father, which settles who you turn out to be.

Because blood runs through mothers, authority over a child sits with her brother, the wɔfa, as much as with the father. And since everyone within an abusua counts as kin, a marriage must always be made outward, into a house that was not your own.

Which is why a marriage here is never only a marriage. It is an agreement between houses that will each remain exactly what they were, tied together now by the people who pass between them.

For the Browne family

What it means to marry an Akan bride

A few things worth knowing, none of which are as strange as they first sound.

Nobody is being given away

An American wedding is built around a handing over. A father walks his daughter up the aisle and gives her to a new family, and the picture is a lovely one. The Akan picture is simply a different shape. Trish keeps the people she was born to and takes on Trevor's as well. Nothing is signed over and nothing is surrendered.

Nothing is subtracted by an Akan marriage. Trish keeps her people and gains yours. You keep yours and gain hers. Everyone goes home that evening with more family than they arrived with.

Your grandchildren will have more people, not fewer

Akan children are counted in their mother's clan as well as carrying their father's name. In practice this is an addition rather than a division. A child of this marriage will be a Browne, entirely and without qualification, and will also have a whole further set of Ghanaian relatives who consider themselves personally responsible for how that child turns out.

You will meet this as an uncle who telephones, an aunt who sends things, and a grandmother with opinions about schooling. None of it displaces anybody. It is simply a larger circle of adults standing around the same child, which no family has ever suffered from.

Why the elders do the asking

Because a marriage here creates a lasting tie between families, the families are asked to agree to it. That is all the formality is for. It does not mean the couple are not trusted to choose. It means the Akan would rather a marriage begin with as many people standing behind it as can be assembled.

It is the reason everything takes a little longer, and the reason that when it is done, it is properly done.

What is given, and why

Gifts pass from the groom's people to the bride's: a thank you to the household that raised her, and a sign that his family are glad to be asked for something. A good deal of it comes straight back to the couple, and nobody keeps accounts.

If it sounds foreign, it should not. Ireland did the same, and had its own word for it in its own law: the coibhche, in the Brehon codes. Both peoples arrived at the same custom and both meant the same thing by it.

Both houses remain standing. Neither disappears into the other. What is built on the day is the road between them.

The eight clans

Trish's is her mother's. Ask her about it on the day, she will be delighted.

AsonaAgonaAduanaOyoko AsenieBretuoEkuonaAsakyiri

For the Acheampong family

And what marriage means on this side

Because the American way is also a tradition, and also worth explaining.

The couple decides, and then tells everyone

In America a marriage is understood to begin with the pair themselves. They choose, they agree, and the families are informed. A man may still ask a father for his blessing, and it is a genuinely felt courtesy, but no one present mistakes it for a veto. That vestige is the last visible trace of a time when Irish families settled these matters between themselves.

The new household is the point

The American wedding is built around a departure: the bride is walked up an aisle and given over, the couple leave together, and what has been created is a new and separate family. Where an Akan marriage binds houses that stay standing, an American marriage founds a house that did not exist before.

Both cultures are protecting something real. One protects the line. The other protects the choice.

What the Irish kept

Music, and a great deal of it. A church with a family history inside it. The blessing spoken over the couple. Dancing that is not optional. And the second day, when whoever is still standing gathers again to eat and to tell the story of the night before.

What both sides will recognise

That the elders are seated first. That someone will speak for far longer than anyone planned. That the food matters enormously. That somebody's uncle will make a speech nobody asked for, and that it will be the part everyone remembers.

Kindred

Older than either of us, and the same

Ghana and Ireland never met. They arrived at the same ideas anyway.

NkonsonkonsonAkan
The endless knotCeltic

Links that cannot be drawn apart. The same conviction, reached separately, with an ocean in between.

KenteBonwire
Linen and tweedDonegal

Both can read a household from what it wears, and neither considers cloth a small matter.

AdinkraStamped
IlluminationKells

Marks that carry whole sentences. In gold, on the things that matter most.

AkuapemA thousand companies
The TribesOf Galway

Both names began as insults, thrown by an occupying power. Both were picked up by the people they were aimed at and worn ever since.

The okyeameLinguist
The seanchaíStoryteller

Both keep one person whose whole work is words, and both know a thing is not real until it has been said aloud.

The shape of it

One marriage, made twice

The first day

The Ghanaian traditional marriage

Both families meet formally and are joined. Drumming, cloth, and every word spoken through a linguist. In Ghana, this is the marriage.

The second day

The American wedding

The ceremony you will recognise, and the one that makes it legal here. Vows, dinner, dancing, and a lake to watch the light go down over.

The tradition

One word means something else here

In America an engagement is a promise to marry later. In Ghana, the Engagement is the marriage itself.

It is the ceremony where both families are joined and the couple become husband and wife in the eyes of everyone who matters. Not a step toward the wedding. The wedding. Once that lands, the rest is simple. It arrives in three stages.

The Knocking

Kokooko

The man's father, uncles and elders go to the woman's family home and knock. They bring drinks and a small sum, then announce why they have come. The old form is indirect: we have seen a lovely flower growing in your garden, and we would like to pluck it.

He says very little. His elders speak for him, because the request is made by a family and not by a man. Her family does not answer at once.

The Engagement

The customary marriage

Nothing else can happen before this. The families sit facing one another and neither speaks to the other directly, even sharing a language. Each side has an okyeame, and every word passes through them. Nothing said in haste.

Among the items presented is the tiri nsa, the head drink. When her family accepts it, the marriage is made. That single acceptance is the moment. Then she is called out and asked, in front of everyone, whether she accepts. She answers herself, aloud.

The Wedding

The one you know

For his family this will feel like the main event. For hers, it is a beautiful confirmation of something that already happened. Both are true, which is rather the point.

Worth saying plainly

People sometimes hear about the items the groom's family brings and think it sounds like buying a bride. It is not a purchase. Nobody is bought and nobody is sold. They are a token of thanks to the family who raised her, and much of what is given goes straight back to the couple. It is closer to asking a father for his blessing, done by a whole family, out loud, with witnesses.

The process

Three acts, and both traditions in each

Ghana asks, then joins, then celebrates. Ireland does the same thing in the same order. Here is how they meet.

Act one

The Knocking

Kokooko · the sound of a hand on a door

Nothing can happen until this does. The knocking is the formal request for permission to begin, and it is made by the groom's family rather than by the groom.

In Ghana

His father, his uncles and his elders go to the bride's family house and knock. They bring drinks, traditionally schnapps, and a modest sum called the knocking fee. Then they say why they have come, and they say it indirectly: we have seen a lovely flower growing in your garden, and we should like to pluck it.

He himself says very little. His elders speak for him, because the request is being made by a family and not by a man.

Her family do not answer at once. They take time to consider, and to ask questions about the people who have come. When they are satisfied, the drink is accepted and kept, and the door is open.

And then they hand over the list.

In Ireland

The same errand, in the same order. A man went to the woman's people before he went to the woman, and for centuries a third party carried the question for him and settled what was to be given.

The Claddagh ring, made in Galway since the seventeenth century, states what the asking is for: a heart for love, clasped hands for friendship, a crown for loyalty. Worn on the right hand with the heart turned outward it means the wearer is free. Turned inward, their heart is spoken for.

Both traditions ask the family first, and both know that a marriage one family has not agreed to is a marriage with a crack in it.

What the list is. When the bride's family accept the knocking, they give the groom's family a written list of everything to be brought on the day of the Engagement. Every family's list is different. It commonly names cloth, sandals, jewellery, a suitcase of clothing, a Bible, a ring, drinks, and sums of money for the bride's mother and father in thanks for raising her.

The list is not a bill and it is not a price. A great deal of what appears on it is handed straight to the bride on the day and becomes hers, or the couple's. Nobody totals it up afterwards. What it actually tests is whether the man's family will take trouble on her behalf, in public, in front of everyone who matters.

Photographs from the knocking will live here
Photographs from the knocking will live here

Act two

The Engagement

The customary marriage

This is the one that does the work. The English word engagement is badly misleading here. It is not a promise to marry later. In Ghana this is the wedding, and everything after it is celebration.

In Ghana

On the agreed day the groom's family return, carrying everything named on the list. The families sit facing one another. Neither addresses the other directly, even sharing a language. Each side has an ɔkyeame, a linguist, and every word passes between them through those two men.

The items are brought in and set down and looked over, one by one, in front of the whole room. This is done slowly and on purpose. Then the bride is called out and asked, aloud and in company, whether she accepts. She answers for herself. Nobody may answer for her.

When the items are received and she has said yes, they are married. Not engaged. Married.

In Ireland

Handfasting, older in Ireland than the Church and written into the Brehon laws. The couple face each other and join hands, right to right and left to left, so their arms make a figure of eight. A cord is wound around them while the vows are spoken.

This is where the English phrase tying the knot comes from. It was not a metaphor. It was the act that made the marriage, and like the presentation of the items, it is something done with the hands rather than only said with the mouth.

Ireland had its bride gift too, and its own word for it in its own law: the coibhche.

There exists an old Asante linguist's staff whose gold finial shows one figure boosting another up the trunk of a tree. It carries the proverb from the first page of this book.

Four thousand miles apart, and both arrived at the same conviction: a marriage is not real until something has passed from hand to hand.

Photographs from the traditional marriage will live here
Photographs from the traditional marriage will live here

Act three

The Celebration

The day you will recognise

The third act is the one both families already know how to do. Vows, rings, a room full of people, and far too much food.

In Ghana

After the customary marriage comes the public celebration: drumming, highlife, and a procession. The cloth is at its most splendid, and everybody dances, including the people who claim they do not dance.

In Ireland

The Claddagh moves to the left hand, heart turned inward. There is a blessing, and there is dancing, which in Ireland is not an optional part of the evening.

And then there is the second day. Irish weddings traditionally carry on the following day with family and close friends, food, music and the telling of what happened the night before.

Which is the quiet joke in all of this. A wedding that runs on into the next day is not Ghana imposed on an Irish-American family. Both sides were already doing it.

Photographs from the wedding will live here
Photographs from the wedding will live here

What we wear

A rectangle of cloth, over one shoulder

Ghana and Ireland arrived at the same garment, and an occupying power tried to ban both of them.

Bonwire, Ghana

The bride

Kente, kaba and slit

Kente is woven in narrow strips on a loom and sewn edge to edge, so a cloth is assembled rather than cut. A man wears it whole, as ntoma: eleven or twelve yards wrapped over the left shoulder with the right arm left bare, because the right hand is the hand you greet with. A woman's is tailored into kaba and slit, a fitted top over a long skirt.

Gold at the wrist and ankle, a tekua at the crown, and leather sandals. Never shoes. The foot stays close to the ground it is standing on.

Gaelic Ireland

The groom

Léine and brat

Beneath, the léine: a long linen tunic, generously cut, the quantity of cloth announcing the wealth of the wearer. It was dyed saffron, so emphatically Irish a colour that the English eventually forbade it.

Over it the brat, a heavy rectangular woollen cloak thrown over one shoulder and pinned with a worked gold brooch, the other arm left free. It was described as both garment and house: a cloak by day and a blanket by night. On the feet, the bróg, which is where the English word brogue comes from.

Both peoples wrap a rectangle of cloth across one shoulder, leave the other arm free, and fasten it with gold. Neither borrowed it. Both had it banned.

The colours

Four, and each one chosen

Nothing in the cloth is decoration. Every thread in it is somebody.

Woven to order. Only a staircase, for the climb,
and the stool, which is given at a marriage and passed down after it.

Emerald His. Ireland's colour, and in kente the colour of growth, harvest and new life. The only shade on which both families agreed instantly.
Gold Hers. Royalty and the Akan court. Also the saffron of the banned Irish léine and the gold of Ireland's Bronze Age. Both peoples reached for it to mean the same thing.
Blush rose gold The bride's own. Pink is the feminine colour in kente: tenderness, calm, and the one thread on the cloth that belongs to no country at all.
Ivory A single thread along the edge of every step. White is purity and joy, and it is what stops the blush and the gold from running into one another.

The symbols

Five, from hundreds

Adinkra are stamped symbols, each carrying a proverb. They did not begin with the Asante. Oral tradition gives them to the Bono people of Gyaman and to their king, Nana Kwadwo Agyemang Adinkra, who is said to have received them in dreams and named them for himself. When Gyaman fell to the Asante in the early nineteenth century the symbols were carried off with everything else, and from there they spread through every Akan kingdom. The word itself means farewell, because the cloth was first worn to bid goodbye to the dead.

There are well over a hundred of them. We chose five, and in this order they tell the whole of it.

Gye Nyame · Except for God First, because everything else in the room comes after it. It is the most recognised symbol in Ghana, and it is the one every elder present will read without being told.
Funtunfunefu · Two crocodiles, one stomach They share a body and still quarrel over food. Chosen because it is the only symbol we found that admits difference and insists on unity in the same breath, which is a fair description of what these families are attempting.
Nkonsonkonson · Links in a chain Chosen because it is the same drawing as Celtic interlace, and because an Akan marriage joins households rather than individuals. It appears on the cover of this book for that reason.
Eban · The fence A fence around a home: love, safety, security. Chosen for the plainest reason of all. It is the thing being built.
Osram ne Nsoromma · The moon and the star The star sits in the sky and waits for the moon to return. It is the Akan symbol for the bond between husband and wife, and there was never any question of leaving it out.

They appear in gold thread down the front of Trevor's coat, on the cards, on the cloth the groomsmen wear, and stamped along the edges of everything printed for the day. Nothing on either of these days carries a symbol we could not explain.

The symbols

Five proverbs, carried throughout

Adinkra are stamped symbols, each one a saying.

Gye NyameExcept for God
FuntunfunefuTwo crocodiles, one stomach
NkonsonkonsonHouseholds, linked
EbanThe fence. Love and a home
Osram ne NsorommaMoon and star
KokookoThe knocking. The sound of a hand on a door.
OkyeameThe linguist. Each family has one, and every word passes through them.
Tiri nsaThe head drink. Accepting it is what makes the marriage.
WɔfaMaternal uncle. In Akan families he carries real authority in this.

When

Everything in one place

Upstate New York, on the same grounds, so nobody has to choose.

Dates and venue to be announced. This page will say so first.

Day one

The traditional marriage, from midday. The ceremony runs about an hour and a half, and the celebration follows.

Day two

The wedding. Afternoon ceremony, then cocktails, dinner and dancing.

What to wear

Ghanaian dress on the first day if you would like to, and we will help you find it. If not, whatever you feel wonderful in.

Staying

Rooms and travel will follow with the invitations.

Photographs

Come back for these

Pictures and film from all three days will be here afterwards, for anyone who was there and anyone who could not be.

Come

There is room for you throughout

Invitations will follow by post. But if you already know you are coming, we would love to hear it now.

Write to us